What action should be taken if a passenger exhibits respiratory distress?

When a passenger exhibits respiratory distress, positioning them upright and assessing their airway is crucial. This position helps to facilitate easier breathing and allows for the maximum expansion of the lungs. An upright position can also reduce the pressure on the diaphragm and improve oxygen intake, which is vital in situations where respiratory function is compromised.

Assessing the airway is equally important because it enables the responder to identify any obstructions or issues that could impede the passenger's ability to breathe. This assessment helps in determining the necessary next steps, whether it involves providing assistance or calling for medical professionals.

Encouraging deep breathing and relaxation could be beneficial, but it is secondary to ensuring that the airway is clear and that the passenger is in a position that promotes optimal respiratory function. Similarly, administering water may not be advisable, as drinking could pose a choking hazard in the event of airway obstruction. Allowing the passenger to lie down flat is generally not recommended since it may worsen respiratory distress by further restricting airflow.